![]() ![]() Origin of your Samples: Parry Sound, Ontario The temperature needed is about 700☌ and the pressure needs to be about 12-15 kilo bars, which is at a depth of about 40 km!ĭistinguishing Characteristics: banded with alternating layers of dark and light minerals. GneissĮnvironment: Gneiss forms at high temperatures and pressures. ![]() Gabbro samples courtesy of the Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. Often chromium, nickel and platinum occur in association with Gabbro. Uses: Gabbro is too fragile to use in construction. GabbroĮquivalent to: Basalt (extrusive/volcanic)Įnvironment: Gabbro is formed by magma that cools very slowly into hard rock below or within the Earth’s crust.ĭistinguishing Characteristics: dark grey-black, shiny surfaces of feldspar are visible. Crushed dolostone is used to create drainage layers under high volume roads and is found in uncontaminated construction fill.ĭolostone samples courtesy of Dufferin Aggregates, Milton Quarry. It is found in asphalt mixes for roads and streets, high strength concrete mixes used for high-rise residential buildings, bridge overpasses, sidewalks and airport runways. Uses: Dolostone from the Niagara Escarpment is used as high quality construction aggregates. Origin of your Samples: Niagara Escarpment in Milton, Ontario Fossils are often the same colour as the rocks in which they are found. Anything that looks like it was once alive may be a fossil. The hard parts (skeleton, teeth, shell) and sometimes tissue (leaves, flowers, muscle, cartilage) may be preserved when the sediments become rock.ĭistinguishing Characteristics: Grey with fossils that are visible. When an animal or plant dies its body can end up being buried by mud or other sediments. Fossils are plants or animals that have been preserved in rock as organic carbon, chitin, or some mineral that replaced the original tissue. DolostoneĮnvironment: Sea water, high in magnesium, flows through porous limestone and replaces some of the calcium with magnesium turning limestone into dolostone. Uses: conglomerate is used in the construction industryĬonglomerate samples courtesy of the Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. Origin of your Samples: Kirkland Lake, Ontario If the fragments embedded in the matrix are angular instead of rounded, the rock is called a breccia (pronounced BRECH-i-a).ĭistinguishing Characteristics: dark grey with imbedded fragments ![]() ConglomerateĬomposition: fragments of other rocks and minerals cemented by silica, calcite, or iron oxide.Įnvironment: The rock fragments can be rounded from being rolled along a stream bed or a beach during transportation. Basalt fibres are used in the production of high quality textile fibres, floor tiles, basalt plastic reinforcement bars, basalt fibre roofing felt and glass wool (fibre glass).īasalt samples courtesy of the Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. Uses: Basalt is crushed and used as crushed stone, concrete aggregate and railroad ballast. The ocean floor is also mostly basalt.ĭistinguishing Characteristics: red-brown to black, frothy with small visible holes where gas escaped while the lava cooled. The Hawaiian Islands are made of basaltic lava. However, it flows much quicker because it is less viscous. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the many in-kind contributors for their on-going support.Ĭomposition: feldspar, olivine, pyroxene, amphiboleĮquivalent to: Gabbro (intrusive/plutonic)Įnvironment: Basalt is solidified lava, like rhyolite. The organization relies greatly on their industry partners, resident geologists from the Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines and a crew of students to aid in the collection and sizing of samples. More than 60 samples representing 25 different types of metallic and industrial minerals, aggregates and the three main rock groups – igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic – are required for each kit. The sheer number and variety of rock and mineral samples required for the production of the units is immense. Year after year in-kind contributors from the mineral and aggregate industries provide valuable resources for our educational units. This guide also includes information about how each rock was formed, the location from where they were collected and their uses in everyday life. Complete with photos and information about each rock’s distinguishing characteristics, this rock identification guide has been designed to assist you in identifying the rocks provided in the Deeper and Deeper and Mining Matters II kits. ![]()
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